限制强讨恶要是城市管理的应有之义

自从2003年6月20日国务院颁布《城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员救叻管理办法》以来国内关于如何对待流浪乞讨人员的争论一直十分激烈。有的学者认为“行乞权无非是指处于贫困无度而不得已被迫向社会或他人乞讨而获得生存的权利，所以，行乞权的本质是乞丐这一穷人群体的生存权”（农夫2004）：有的学者认为，“现代法律虽然不会完全禁止行乞，但出于公共利益他人利益必定限制行乞（郝铁川2004)，     

宽容问题研究进展

宽容是现代社会人们公认的基本理念之一。当今国内外的专家、学者们主要从以下几个方面研究和探讨宽容问题：宽容的基本内涵，宽容的必要性，宽容的理论基础，实现宽容的社会机制，宽容的限度等。     

完善我国财政转移支付法律制度的探讨

转移支付是财政支出的重要组成部分,如何规范和监督转移支付对我国实现社会公平,构建和谐社会具有重要意义,而目前我国的财政转移支付的法律散见于不同时期的部门规章中,缺乏统一、全面、权威性较高的财政转移支付法规.我国财政转移支付制度方面和法律层次方面均存在问题,结合当代世界主要发达国家在财政转移支付立法方面的成功经验,提出对我国财政转移支付立法的构想.     

疫情下的“首道防线”:从就医企划审视家与社区地方秩序重构

新冠疫情全球肆虐,家庭和社区成为疫情防控的最小单元.然而在疫情期间,居民的就医活动受到居家抗疫和社区封闭管制的制约,给患者及其家庭带来了较大负担.如何主动调整家的地方秩序以实现特殊时期的就医企划,满足患病群体的健康维持需求,同时保障其他家庭成员的防疫需求,亟需对个体活动、个体企划,家庭联合活动、家庭企划进行重新的安排和审视.通过典型社区案例家庭的质性分析,借助新时间地理学的分析方法,对比了疫情前后的就医企划实现过程,及其对家和社区的地方秩序重构.一方面,在家庭内部,各家庭成员通过个人企划与家庭企划之间的协调,保障就医企划和家庭防疫企划的实现;另一方面,家作为社会的最小单元,其地方秩序的重构过程对社区、城市等更高等级的地方秩序有着镜鉴意义.在全社会防控防线体系之中,疫情尤其是对应急态下的基层地方秩序“大考”,审视失落的就医企划有助于理解秩序嵌套中的薄弱环节.应夯实家和社区秩序的“首道防线”,通过多重地方秩序的重构和联动完成企划.     

法典化目标下税法总则立法的三个问题

《民法典》开启了中国特色社会主义法治的法典化时代。法典化研究在多个法律领域都取得了进展和成果。随着税收法定原则加快落实,以税法总则为龙头的税法法典化被提上日程。税法法典化是历史的、逻辑的和现实的统一。其不仅是中国特色社会主义法治进程的重要组成部分,也符合近代历史以来世界法典化的普遍性规律。在法典化目标下,税法总则作为法典总则法、纳税人权利平衡法、税收行政行为规范法,又决定了其立法逻辑上有需要解决的一系列特殊问题。在此基础上,税法总则应构建税法原则、纳税人保护、纳税义务、税务行政规范制定与解释等支柱性制度。     

元代和买法律制度考论

和买,泛指官府向民间购买物品的行为。其核心便是“和”,即蕴含着自愿交易、买卖的官民双方地位平等、官府购买民间物品应以货币的形式支付对价等含义。为了规范和买行为和保障和买秩序,元继于宋,确立起了一整套包括均平摊派、时估、法定程序、和买钱货两清的支付原则、税课管理制度等在内的和买法律制度体系。然而,和买法律制度在“商品化/赋税化”“和/不和”的博弈中,最终滑向了政府主导、赋税化的境地,而随意的摊派与吏治的败坏在其中起到了催化剂的作用。和买法律制度只能在一定程度上起到减缓其由“和”向“不和”的赋税化性质蜕化的作用。     

科技金融投入、技术创新与产业结构升级

科技金融投入对产业结构优化升级具有重要影响作用。本文基于2011~2019年的省际面板数据,使用固定效应模型对中国30个省份进行实证分析,并使用工具变量解决内生性问题。研究结果表明,科技金融投入对产业结构的影响呈现"倒U型"的非线性特征;从作用机制来看,科技金融投入影响技术创新进而作用于产业结构升级;从地区上来看,科技金融投入对产业结构升级的影响在东部地区表现明显,中、西部地区作用不明显。据此,提出加快完善科技金融制度、完善多层次资本市场体系、注重高技术人才的培养、平衡地区发展等政策建议。     

Earnings management by firms announcing earnings after SEC filing

This study examines motivation and stock market reactions of firms announcing earnings in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) after filing with the Security Exchange Commission (SEC). Most firms announce earnings in the WSJ before SEC filing. Firms that reverse this sequence are voluntarily delaying public earnings announcements. The authors find that these firms are not only poor financial performers but also engage in earnings managements. They are delaying their WSJ announcements to postpone announcing bad news. The authors find significant stock price reactions to both the SEC filing and the WSJ announcement. The price reaction to earnings is incomplete at the SEC filings. The market continues reacting to firms' subsequent WSJ announcements as if the SEC filing fails to communicate earnings information to some investors.     

Tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis: a cost-effectiveness analysis compared with adalimumab in Taiwan

Aims: Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis investigated the cost-effectiveness of the second-line treatment with tofacitinib, compared with adalimumab, both plus methotrexate (MTX), in patients with moderate-to-severe RA and an inadequate response to the first-line MTX, from a Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration perspective.

Materials and methods: A patient-level simulation model was used to project lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Base-case analysis compared second-line treatment with tofacitinib 5?mg twice daily plus MTX vs adalimumab 40?mg every 2?weeks plus MTX. Patients switched or discontinued treatment due to a lack or loss of effectiveness or a serious adverse event. Efficacy was measured by change in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score. HAQ-DI scores were used to predict mortality and resource utilization, and were mapped onto utility values to estimate QALYs. Efficacy and safety data were derived from clinical trials and other secondary sources. Uncertainty in model parameters was explored using one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results: Patients gained 0.09 more QALYs with second-line tofacitinib plus MTX compared with adalimumab plus MTX (5.13 vs 5.04, respectively) at an additional cost of New Taiwan Dollars (NT$) 12,881. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was NT$143,122/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the base-case result was robust.

Limitations: The lack of available clinical data, particularly for HAQ-DI scores, may introduce some bias in the analysis. No patients were in an early stage of RA, which may limit the generalizability of these results. Base-case results from our study are not necessarily generalizable to countries with healthcare systems that differ considerably from Taiwan.

Conclusions: From a payer perspective, second-line treatment with tofacitinib plus MTX is a cost-effective treatment strategy, compared with adalimumab plus MTX, in patients with moderate-to-severe RA in Taiwan.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00853385.     

生产要素对粮食产量的贡献系数分析

文章以河南省为案例,对2001年￣2003年全省109个县的数据进行定量分析,认为在既定的技术条件下,灌溉是影响粮食生产的第一要素,同时对其他要素的贡献系数又产生直接影响。灌溉对粮食产量贡献系数与当年的降水量密切相关。为保证粮食生产的稳定发展,政府应加强农田水利设施的建设,治理水污染,推广节水设备与技术,提高用水效率,同时对各种生产要素进行合理的配置。